Like so many long-lived planktotrophic larvae, the pilidium consists of a thin epithelium stretched over a vast fluid cavity and divided into zones by an actively-beating ciliated band.
Fastcam mc1 plus#
The pilidium is the characteristic larva of the monophyletic nemertean clade Pilidiophora, including the order Heteronemertea plus the palaeonemertean genus Hubrechtella. ), as well as novelties such as the hood-flapping suction behavior of phoronid actinotrochs, and there are several larval forms for which the mechanism of food gathering remains unclear. There exist numerous variations on these themes, such as adaptations to capture large food (e.g.
The feeding mechanisms for three archetypical forms are relatively well understood: nauplii and the nauplius-like copepod adults use muscular movements of cuticularized combs to collect and transport food mouthward dipleurulas of echinoderms and hemichordates use local ciliary reversals to direct desirable cells toward the mouth against the prevailing ciliary current and most trochophore-type larvae among the spiralians use two closely-apposed oppositely-directed bands of compound cilia to move particles into a ciliated groove between the bands in which the current runs toward the mouth.
Among the zooplankton live numerous animal larvae that feed on small phytoplankton.
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